Purple Sweet Potato Recipe

Introduction :

Purple sweet potatoes are a versatile ingredient that can transform your meals with their vibrant color, earthy sweetness, and rich nutritional value. In this article, you’ll discover a step-by-step purple sweet potato recipe that’s not only easy to follow but also packed with flavor. From selecting the best purple sweet potatoes to cooking them perfectly, we’ll cover everything in detail. Plus, we’ll highlight their health benefits and answer some common questions.

Let’s dive right in and explore how to make this healthy sweet potato dish at home!

Understanding Purple Sweet Potatoes for Your Purple Sweet Potato Recipe

Before jumping into the purple sweet potato recipe, it’s essential to understand what makes this root vegetable unique. Known for their rich color and earthy flavor, purple sweet potatoes stand out in both taste and nutrition.

What Makes Purple Sweet Potatoes Perfect for a Recipe?

The signature color of purple sweet potatoes comes from anthocyanins, which are natural antioxidants. These potatoes are drier and denser than their orange counterparts, making them ideal for baking and roasting. For anyone looking to experiment in the kitchen, this purple sweet potato recipe offers the perfect opportunity to try something new.

Interestingly, they’ve been a staple in many Asian cuisines for centuries. For instance, Okinawan sweet potatoes have been used in traditional dishes in Japan and Hawaii. This historical use highlights their importance not only as a tasty ingredient but also as a nutritious one.

You might be wondering, though, where to buy these lovely tubers. Purple sweet potatoes are available at specialty stores, particularly in Asian or international markets. Moreover, you may even find them at your local farmers’ market during the fall season.

Nutritional Value of Purple Sweet Potatoes in a Healthy Recipe

The nutritional profile of purple sweet potatoes is impressive. They’re loaded with fiber, potassium, and vitamin C, and they also have a low glycemic index. Including them in your diet—especially through a purple sweet potato recipe like the one shared in this article—can support digestion, heart health, and immune function.

One key benefit of purple sweet potatoes is their low glycemic index. This means they don’t cause sudden spikes in blood sugar levels, making them an excellent option for people with diabetes. Plus, they’re gluten-free and rich in potassium, which supports healthy blood pressure levels.

Interestingly, anthocyanins—the compounds responsible for their color—are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. This makes purple sweet potatoes an excellent addition to an anti-inflammatory diet.

Want to know more? The science behind their antioxidant content is fascinating. Anthocyanins have been linked to improved brain health and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

For more information on the role of anthocyanins in plant foods, check out this on the subject.

Popular Varieties of Purple Sweet Potatoes

Not all purple sweet potatoes are the same! Here are a few varieties you might encounter:

• Okinawan Sweet Potatoes – These have beige skin with deep purple flesh. They’re commonly used in Hawaiian cuisine.
• Stokes Purple® – Developed in the U.S., these potatoes are denser and slightly sweet.
• Murasaki – Originally grown in Louisiana, these have reddish-purple skin but white flesh inside.

Each variety has its unique taste and texture, but all of them are perfect for the recipe we’ll be making shortly. So, what are you waiting for? Let’s get started!

Why You Should Try a Purple Sweet Potato Recipe Today

Let’s face it—sometimes we get stuck in a routine with our meals. Purple sweet potatoes offer a fun way to break that routine! Not only do they look stunning on the plate, but they also provide a unique flavor profile. They’re a bit earthier than regular sweet potatoes, with just a hint of sweetness.

In the next section, we’ll cover everything you need to know about choosing, storing, and preparing purple sweet potatoes for the perfect recipe.

Selecting, Storing, and Prepping for the Best Purple Sweet Potato Recipe

When it comes to creating the perfect purple sweet potato recipe, getting the preparation right is crucial. From selecting the best tubers to storing them properly and preparing them for cooking, these steps ensure that your dish turns out perfectly every time.

How to Choose the Right Purple Sweet Potatoes for Cooking

Selecting the right purple sweet potatoes is the first step in making your dish truly shine. But how do you know which ones to pick? Here’s what to look for:

• Firmness: Always choose purple sweet potatoes that feel firm to the touch. Avoid any with soft spots, cracks, or bruises.
• Skin Condition: The skin should be smooth and free from blemishes. Wrinkled or shriveled skin indicates the potatoes are past their prime.
• Size: Medium-sized purple sweet potatoes are ideal. Larger ones can sometimes be too starchy, while smaller ones might be too dry.

Interestingly, purple sweet potatoes aren’t always labeled as such in grocery stores. They might be called Okinawan sweet potatoes or even purple yams in some places. So, it’s essential to check the label and look for that signature deep purple flesh when you cut into them.

Proper Storage Tips to Keep Your Purple Sweet Potato Recipe Fresh

Proper storage will keep your purple sweet potatoes fresh for up to two weeks. Never store them in the fridge, as this can affect their texture. Instead, keep them in a cool, dry place to ensure your purple sweet potato recipe comes out perfect.

Here’s how to store them the right way:

• Cool, Dry Place: Keep your purple sweet potatoes in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated spot. A pantry or a cupboard works perfectly.
• Avoid Refrigeration: Never store raw sweet potatoes in the fridge. The cold temperature can cause the starch to convert to sugar too quickly, resulting in an unpleasant texture.
• Use a Paper Bag: If possible, store them in a paper bag rather than a plastic one. Paper allows for better airflow, preventing moisture buildup.

Stored this way, your purple sweet potatoes can last for up to two weeks. If you notice any sprouting or soft spots, it’s best to use them immediately.

Preparing Your Purple Sweet Potatoes for Any Recipe

Before diving into the cooking process, you need to prepare your potatoes properly. This preparation step is vital to ensure that your dish turns out both delicious and visually appealing.

1. Washing and Cleaning

First, rinse your purple sweet potatoes under cold running water to remove any dirt or debris. Since these tubers grow underground, they can often have soil on them. For a more thorough clean, use a vegetable brush.

2. Peeling or Leaving the Skin On?

One of the most common questions people have is whether to peel purple sweet potatoes. The answer depends on your preference:

• Peeling: If you prefer a smoother texture in your dish, go ahead and peel them.
• Leaving the Skin On: However, if you want to retain more nutrients and add a bit of texture, you can leave the skin on. The skin is entirely edible and adds a nice contrast to the soft interior.

3. Cutting and Slicing

Once your potatoes are clean, it’s time to slice them. Depending on the recipe, you may want to cut them into:

• Wedges
• Cubes
• Rounds

Make sure to cut them evenly to ensure they cook at the same rate. Uneven pieces can result in some parts being overcooked while others remain undercooked.

Interestingly, the vibrant purple color of these potatoes doesn’t fade during cooking, making them a stunning addition to your meals. The pigment comes from anthocyanins, which are the same compounds found in blueberries and red cabbage.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

To ensure your purple sweet potato dish is a success, avoid these common mistakes:

• Overwashing: Don’t soak the potatoes for too long, as they can absorb water and become mushy.
• Uneven Slicing: Try to cut the pieces as uniformly as possible for even cooking.
• Skipping the Prep: Rushing through the preparation can affect the final taste and texture of your dish.

With these preparation tips in mind, you’re ready to start cooking. In the next section, we’ll dive into the actual recipe, including the ingredients and step-by-step instructions.

Step-by-Step Purple Sweet Potato Recipe (Ingredients and Instructions)

Now, let’s get to the heart of the article—a detailed purple sweet potato recipe that’s both easy and delicious.

Cooking with purple sweet potatoes may seem a bit different at first, but with the right approach, you’ll find it’s as simple as preparing any other potato dish. So, let’s get started!

Ingredients for Purple Sweet Potato Recipe

Before we jump into the cooking process, gather your ingredients. Here’s what you’ll need:

• 2 large purple sweet potatoes
• 2 tablespoons olive oil
• 1 teaspoon ground cumin
• 1 tablespoon harissa paste (optional for a spicy kick)
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
• Fresh parsley (for garnish)

These basic ingredients are easy to find and work together to enhance the natural flavor of the purple sweet potatoes. The spices add warmth and depth, while the fresh parsley provides a pop of color and freshness.

Step-by-Step Guide to Cooking a Roasted Purple Sweet Potato Recipe

Cooking purple sweet potatoes doesn’t have to be complicated. Follow these step-by-step instructions to achieve perfectly roasted potatoes every time.

Step 1: Preheat the Oven

First things first, preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C). Preheating ensures that the potatoes cook evenly and get that crispy, caramelized exterior.

Step 2: Wash and Slice the Potatoes

While the oven is heating, wash the purple sweet potatoes thoroughly under running water to remove any dirt. You can use a vegetable brush for a more thorough clean. After washing, pat them dry with a kitchen towel.

Next, slice the potatoes into even wedges or cubes, depending on your preference. Keeping the pieces uniform will help them cook at the same rate.

Step 3: Season the Potatoes

In a large mixing bowl, combine the sliced potatoes with:

• 2 tablespoons olive oil
• 1 teaspoon ground cumin
• 1 tablespoon harissa paste
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• 1/4 teaspoon black pepper

Toss everything together until the potatoes are well coated. The spices will bring out the earthy flavor of the potatoes while adding a hint of warmth.

Step 4: Arrange on a Baking Sheet

Line a baking sheet with parchment paper to prevent sticking. Spread the seasoned purple sweet potatoes out in a single layer, making sure they aren’t overcrowded. Overcrowding can cause the potatoes to steam instead of roast.

Step 5: Roast in the Oven

Place the baking sheet in the preheated oven and roast the potatoes for 30-35 minutes, turning them halfway through. You’ll know they’re done when they’re crispy on the outside and tender on the inside.

The smell of cumin and roasted sweet potatoes will fill your kitchen, making it hard to wait for them to finish!

Step 6: Garnish and Serve

Once the potatoes are out of the oven, sprinkle them with fresh parsley for a burst of color and flavor. You can also add a squeeze of lemon juice if you prefer a tangy finish.

Serve immediately as a side dish, or enjoy them as a healthy snack. They pair perfectly with grilled chicken, roasted vegetables, or a fresh green salad.

Tips to Enhance Your Purple Sweet Potato Dish

For the best results, keep these tips in mind:

• Don’t Skip the Oil: The oil helps the potatoes crisp up and prevents them from drying out.
• Flip Halfway Through: Turning the potatoes halfway through cooking ensures they roast evenly on all sides.
• Use Fresh Spices: Fresh spices make a big difference in flavor. If your cumin or pepper has been sitting in your pantry for too long, consider replacing them.

Optional Variations

Want to switch things up? Try these variations:

• Sweet and Spicy: Add a drizzle of honey and a pinch of chili flakes for a sweet and spicy twist.
• Garlic Herb: Toss the potatoes with minced garlic and dried herbs like thyme or rosemary before roasting.
• Cheesy Delight: Sprinkle freshly grated Parmesan cheese over the potatoes during the last 10 minutes of baking for a cheesy crust.

Nutritional Benefits of Eating a Purple Sweet Potato Recipe

Aside from their eye-catching color and delicious flavor, purple sweet potatoes are also packed with nutrients that can support overall health. In this section, we’ll break down the nutritional content of these vibrant tubers and explore their health benefits. Plus, we’ll highlight why they’re a great addition to your diet if you’re looking for a wholesome, antioxidant-rich food.

Nutritional Content of Purple Sweet Potatoes (Per 100g)

Eating healthy doesn’t have to be boring. This purple sweet potato recipe proves that nutritious meals can also be delicious.

Nutrient	Amount	% Daily Value
Calories	86 kcal	4%
Carbohydrates	20.1 g	7%
Dietary Fiber	3.0 g	12%
Sugars	4.2 g	–
Protein	1.6 g	3%
Fat	0.1 g	0%
Vitamin C	2.4 mg	4%
Potassium	337 mg	10%
Calcium	30 mg	3%
Iron	0.7 mg	4%

Why a Purple Sweet Potato Recipe Is a Healthy Choice

Unlike their orange counterparts, purple sweet potatoes have higher levels of anthocyanins. These natural pigments, which give the potatoes their striking purple color, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

In fact, anthocyanins have been studied for their potential role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Moreover, purple sweet potatoes are rich in fiber, which supports healthy digestion and helps maintain stable blood sugar levels. Their low glycemic index means they don’t cause sudden spikes in blood sugar, making them an excellent choice for people with diabetes or those looking to manage their weight.

Health Benefits of Including a Purple Sweet Potato Recipe in Your Diet

Let’s take a closer look at the various health benefits of incorporating purple sweet potatoes into your meals.

1. Rich in Antioxidants

As mentioned earlier, the high anthocyanin content in purple sweet potatoes makes them a potent source of antioxidants. These antioxidants help combat free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress and lowering the risk of chronic diseases.

Interestingly, studies have shown that anthocyanins may also have cognitive benefits, potentially reducing the risk of age-related memory loss.

2. Supports Digestive Health

Purple sweet potatoes are a great source of dietary fiber, which is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system. Fiber promotes regular bowel movements, prevents constipation, and supports the growth of healthy gut bacteria.

Additionally, fiber helps you feel full for longer, making purple sweet potatoes a satisfying option for anyone trying to manage their appetite.

3. Promotes Heart Health

The potassium content in purple sweet potatoes is another significant benefit. Potassium is a vital mineral that helps regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Including potassium-rich foods in your diet can help maintain a healthy heart and support overall cardiovascular health.

4. Supports Immune Function

Purple sweet potatoes contain vitamin C, which is known to boost the immune system. Vitamin C promotes the production of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting off infections and keeping your body healthy.

In addition to vitamin C, the antioxidants found in purple sweet potatoes also play a role in reducing inflammation and supporting the immune system.

Why Choose Purple Sweet Potatoes Over Regular Potatoes?

You might be wondering: why choose purple sweet potatoes over the more common varieties? The answer lies in their unique nutritional profile. While regular sweet potatoes are certainly healthy, purple sweet potatoes have higher levels of antioxidants and a more complex flavor.

Moreover, the vibrant purple color makes them a visually stunning addition to your meals. Whether you’re making a roasted dish, a hearty soup, or even a dessert, purple sweet potatoes bring both color and nutrition to the table.

Quick Nutritional Comparison (Purple vs. Orange Sweet Potatoes)

Here’s a quick comparison of the nutritional differences between purple and orange sweet potatoes:

Nutrient	Purple Sweet Potatoes	Orange Sweet Potatoes
Antioxidants	Higher	Moderate
Fiber	Higher	Moderate
Glycemic Index	Lower	Higher
Vitamin A	Lower	Higher

As you can see, purple sweet potatoes excel in certain areas, particularly when it comes to antioxidants and fiber.

How to Include Purple Sweet Potatoes in Your Diet

There are countless ways to enjoy purple sweet potatoes. Here are a few ideas to get you started:

• Roasted Side Dish: Pair them with your favorite protein for a balanced meal.
• Mashed Potatoes: Swap regular mashed potatoes for a vibrant purple version.
• Purple Sweet Potato Soup: A creamy and comforting option for chilly days.
• Baked Chips: Slice thinly and bake for a healthier alternative to potato chips.

Incorporating purple sweet potatoes into your meals is a simple and delicious way to boost your nutrient intake. In the next part, we’ll address frequently asked questions to help you make the most of this versatile ingredient.

FAQs About Purple Sweet Potato Recipe

You might be curious about how to get the best out of your purple sweet potato recipe. To help you make the most of this unique ingredient, here’s a collection of frequently asked questions that cover everything from cooking tips to storage advice. These answers will ensure that you’re well-equipped to prepare, serve, and enjoy your purple sweet potatoes.

Can You Substitute Purple Sweet Potatoes for Regular Sweet Potatoes?

Yes! You can use purple sweet potatoes in any recipe that calls for regular sweet potatoes. This purple sweet potato recipe is a great starting point for incorporating them into your meals. However, keep in mind that purple sweet potatoes are denser and drier, so cooking times might be slightly longer.

Additionally, their unique color and slightly earthier flavor can change the appearance and taste of your dish. For instance, if you’re making mashed potatoes, expect a deep purple hue that looks striking on the plate. Similarly, when baking or roasting, the potatoes’ vibrant color remains intact, making your dish visually appealing.

Are Purple Sweet Potatoes Healthier Than Regular Sweet Potatoes?

Both varieties are nutritious, but purple sweet potatoes have a slight edge when it comes to antioxidants. The anthocyanins found in purple sweet potatoes offer numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation and supporting brain health.

That said, orange sweet potatoes are richer in vitamin A, which is essential for eye health. So, including both varieties in your diet can help you get a broad spectrum of nutrients.

How Should I Store Purple Sweet Potatoes?

Proper storage is essential to maintain the freshness and flavor of purple sweet potatoes. Here are a few tips:

• Store in a Cool, Dry Place: Keep them in a pantry or a cupboard, away from direct sunlight.
• Avoid Refrigeration: As mentioned earlier, storing sweet potatoes in the fridge can cause their starch to convert to sugar, resulting in an undesirable texture.
• Use a Paper Bag: If you want to keep your potatoes fresh for longer, consider storing them in a paper bag to allow for proper airflow.

When stored correctly, purple sweet potatoes can last for up to two weeks.

Do Purple Sweet Potatoes Taste Different?

Yes, they do! While all sweet potatoes share a natural sweetness, purple sweet potatoes have a distinct flavor profile. They are slightly nuttier, earthier, and less sweet than their orange counterparts.

In cooked dishes, they hold their shape well, making them ideal for roasting and baking. Their texture is also drier and starchier, which works beautifully in savory recipes.

Can You Eat the Skin of Purple Sweet Potatoes?

Yes, the skin is entirely edible and contains additional nutrients, including fiber. Leaving the skin on also helps the potatoes retain their shape during cooking.

However, make sure to wash the potatoes thoroughly before cooking to remove any dirt or residue. If you prefer a smoother texture, you can peel them before use.

What Are Some Creative Ways to Use Purple Sweet Potatoes?

There are plenty of ways to get creative with purple sweet potato dishes. Here are some ideas to inspire you:

• Purple Sweet Potato Pancakes: Make a delicious, colorful twist on traditional pancakes by incorporating mashed purple sweet potatoes into the batter.
• Purple Sweet Potato Fries: Slice the potatoes into thin strips, season them with salt and paprika, and bake them for a healthier alternative to regular fries.
• Purple Sweet Potato Dessert Bars: Combine mashed sweet potatoes with coconut milk and bake them into dessert bars for a naturally sweet treat.

Why Do Purple Sweet Potatoes Stay Purple After Cooking?

The vibrant purple color of these potatoes comes from anthocyanins, which are water-soluble pigments that remain stable during cooking. Unlike some other vegetables that lose their color when exposed to heat, purple sweet potatoes retain their stunning hue.

Interestingly, the pH level of the cooking environment can affect the intensity of the color. For example, cooking in an acidic medium (like lemon juice) can enhance the vibrancy, while an alkaline environment might cause the color to dull slightly.

How Do You Know When Purple Sweet Potatoes Are Cooked?

The best way to check if your purple sweet potatoes are cooked is to pierce them with a fork. If the fork slides in easily, they’re done. For roasted or baked dishes, the exterior should be slightly crispy, and the interior should be tender.

Cooking times can vary depending on the size of the pieces and the cooking method. As a general rule:

• Boiling: 20-30 minutes
• Roasting: 30-40 minutes at 425°F (220°C)
• Microwaving: 8-10 minutes (depending on size)

Do Purple Sweet Potatoes Have Any Unique Health Benefits?

Yes, they do! The anthocyanins in purple sweet potatoes are linked to several health benefits, including:

• Anti-Inflammatory Properties: These compounds can help reduce inflammation in the body.
• Cognitive Support: Some studies suggest that anthocyanins may help improve memory and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
• Heart Health: The potassium content in purple sweet potatoes can help regulate blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Incorporating purple sweet potatoes into your diet is a great way to boost your intake of these beneficial compounds.

Tips for Cooking and Serving Purple Sweet Potatoes

Whether you’re cooking for family or guests, this purple sweet potato recipe will impress everyone at the table.

How to Perfectly Cook Purple Sweet Potatoes Every Time

Cooking purple sweet potatoes is fairly simple, but a few small tricks can make a big difference in the final outcome. Here are some pro tips to help you achieve perfectly cooked potatoes every time.

1. Choose the Right Cooking Method

The cooking method you choose can impact the taste, texture, and appearance of your purple sweet potatoes. Here’s a quick guide to the best methods:

• Roasting: Brings out the natural sweetness and gives the potatoes a slightly crispy exterior.
• Boiling: Great for mashed potatoes or if you plan to use them in soups.
• Steaming: Helps retain more nutrients compared to boiling.
• Microwaving: A quick option if you’re short on time, but it may not bring out the same depth of flavor as roasting.

If you’re making roasted purple sweet potatoes, remember to toss them with oil and spices to enhance their natural flavor. For boiled or steamed potatoes, try adding a pinch of salt to the water to season them as they cook.

2. Don’t Overcrowd the Baking Tray

When roasting purple sweet potatoes, it’s essential to spread them out in a single layer on the baking tray. If the tray is overcrowded, the potatoes will steam instead of roast, which can make them soggy instead of crispy.

For best results, leave a little space between each piece. If you’re making a large batch, consider using two trays to ensure even cooking.

3. Add Flavor with Herbs and Spices

While purple sweet potatoes have a unique flavor on their own, they pair beautifully with a variety of herbs and spices. Here are some combinations to try:

• Cumin and Paprika: Adds a warm, smoky flavor.
• Rosemary and Thyme: Classic herbs that work well with roasted potatoes.
• Garlic and Lemon: Brightens the dish and balances the earthy notes.
• Cinnamon and Nutmeg: For a sweeter dish, these spices add warmth and depth.

Serving Ideas for Purple Sweet Potatoes

Purple sweet potatoes are incredibly versatile and can be used in both savory and sweet dishes. Here are some serving ideas to inspire your next meal:

1. As a Side Dish

Roasted purple sweet potatoes make an excellent side dish for roasted meats, grilled fish, or a hearty vegetable stew. Their vibrant color adds a pop of visual interest to any plate.

2. In Salads

Add roasted or boiled purple sweet potatoes to your favorite salad for a burst of color and texture. They pair particularly well with arugula, goat cheese, and a simple balsamic dressing.

3. In Soups and Stews

Purple sweet potatoes can be used to thicken soups and stews while adding a hint of sweetness. Try adding them to a curry or a vegetable soup for a unique twist.

4. As a Snack

Turn your leftover purple sweet potatoes into a healthy snack by making chips or fries. Slice them thinly, season them with your favorite spices, and bake until crispy.

How to Store Leftover Purple Sweet Potatoes

If you have leftover purple sweet potatoes, don’t let them go to waste! Proper storage will keep them fresh and flavorful for days.

1. Refrigerating Leftovers

Place leftover cooked sweet potatoes in an airtight container and store them in the refrigerator. They will stay fresh for up to 5 days. To reheat, simply pop them in the oven or microwave.

2. Freezing for Long-Term Storage

If you’ve made a large batch of purple sweet potatoes, you can freeze them for longer storage. Here’s how:

• Allow the potatoes to cool completely.
• Place them in a freezer-safe container or a resealable plastic bag.
• Label the container with the date.
• Store in the freezer for up to 6 months.

When you’re ready to use them, thaw the potatoes in the refrigerator overnight and reheat in the oven for best results.

Creative Ways to Use Leftover Purple Sweet Potatoes

If you’re wondering what to do with leftover purple sweet potatoes, here are a few ideas:

• Purple Sweet Potato Mash: Mash your leftover potatoes with a bit of butter, salt, and pepper for a quick and easy side dish.
• Purple Sweet Potato Pancakes: Mix mashed sweet potatoes into pancake batter for a colorful breakfast.
• Sweet Potato Hash: Sauté diced sweet potatoes with onions, bell peppers, and your favorite spices for a hearty breakfast or lunch.
• Smoothies: Believe it or not, you can even add cooked sweet potatoes to smoothies for a creamy texture and a boost of nutrients.

Final Thoughts on Cooking and Serving Purple Sweet Potatoes

Cooking and serving purple sweet potatoes is a delightful way to add color, flavor, and nutrition to your meals. Whether you’re roasting them as a side dish, adding them to salads, or getting creative with leftovers, there’s no shortage of ways to enjoy this versatile ingredient.

The key to making the most of your purple sweet potatoes is preparation. From selecting the best tubers to experimenting with herbs and spices, a little effort goes a long way in creating delicious dishes.